This pollinator decline coupled with the global expansion of pollination-dependent crops 10 might indicate a growing risk of pollination deficits worldwide, threatening yields and stability of agricultural production 11, as well as multiple aspects of human health 8. In the last decades, multiple anthropogenic pressures have threatened the diversity and abundance of pollinators 9. Although several staple crops are wind- or self-pollinated, many animal-pollinated crops are rich sources of micronutrients contributing to diverse and nutritionally balanced diets 6, 7, 8. As producing commercially suboptimal fruits can have multiple negative economic and environmental consequences, safeguarding pollination services is important to maintain food security.Īnimal pollination plays an essential role in flowering plant reproduction 1, 2, 3, supporting a wide share of cultivated food crops such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and spices 4, 5. However, the deficit is small and non-significant at the α = 0.05 level, suggesting that pollen deposition from wild and/or managed pollinators is sufficient to maximise quality in most cases. We report weak signals of a pollination deficit for organoleptic traits, which might indicate a potential service decline across agricultural landscapes. Pollination does not increase quality in stimulant crops, nuts, and spices. In fruits and vegetables, pollinators strongly improve several commercially important attributes related to appearance and shelf life, whereas they have smaller effects on nutritional value. Here, we present a global meta-analysis quantifying the contribution of pollination to multiple facets of crop quality, including both organoleptic and nutritional traits. ![]() Thesis at Utrecht University, Human Geography and Planning.Animal pollination supports the production of a wide range of food crops fundamental to maintaining diverse and nutritionally balanced diets. Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm (7th ed.). Marketing to today’s distracted consumer. Marketing plans for services: A complete guide (3rd ed.). Journal of Travel Research, 35(3), 16–22. Destination price-value perceptions: An examination of origin and seasonal influences. Hospitality and travel marketing (4th ed.). Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(1), 28–43. Determinants of E-WOM influence: The role of consumers’ internet experience. Harvard Business Review, July/August, 45–56. Marketing for hospitality and tourism (7th ed.). ![]() Kotler, P., Bowen, J., Makens, J., & Baloglu, S. Services marketing: Concepts, strategies and cases (5th ed.). ![]() Journal of Transport Geography, 14(4), 249–264. An analysis of European low-cost airlines and their networks. Melbourne, Australia: Longman.ĭobruszkes, F. The economics of travel and tourism (2nd ed.). A new way to measure word of mouth marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), 246–251.īughin, J., Doogan, J. Building service relationships: It’s all about the promise. The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Chicago: AMA Proceedings Series.īateson, J. Marketing strategies and organisation structures for service firms.
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